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1. Octopus football, QED
Percolation
threshold- the transition of
connections where the amount of connections becomes too expensive for the
network (in relation to termite nests). A graph was shown indicating
the number of connections that allowed the nest to function on a basic level
(for the "stupid ants") to move through and still maintain a level of
efficiency. The architecture helps to drive the flow within the
nest.
In termite nests and
other biological networks the graph of connections resembles that of a normal
distribution curve. This allows for a distribution of
connections that doesn't create hubs or "rich clubs".
In networks such as the
internet, the graph of connections resembles that more closely to an exponential
relationship, or a long tail plot. This is the defining feature of
network complexity and most social systems have this type of hub condition. For
example, the creator of linux is accomplishing about 80% of the work where all
the other connections resemble much less of the frequency within the network.
The
global properties of social networks produce a type of dominant hierarchies are homogeneous. Highly
collected nodes connected to other highly connected nodes.
In
biological systems the hubs avoid other hubs, such as the examples of
the proteins in a cell, this allows for more distribution
and heterogeneous connections.
*Developing something
complex cannot develop without some sort of order.
Problems
with homogeneous networks arise when there is a centralized system and
there is a failure, it affects all the other dominant hubs it is
directly connected to. Solution: more transparency and more information shared.
In an example of
shortest path or random walk of a city. Where people travel the shortest path,
this leads to hot spots that cause congestion. Agents (people) understand the
shortest path and areas get congested and you get "rich clubs" of
highly traffic and clustering. By limiting information there can be more
distribution throughout the system.
Perhaps this is why
complex systems have stupid agents, because they create
more heterogeneity and more equal distribution of information can
occur in the system.
In an economical model,
of the perfect open market, everyone has all the information to make
rational decisions.
In network analysis,
open source, provides a method of opening up hotspots of networks.
How to plan a network without
hotspots?
-problem is to limit the
amount of info that every agent has; in biology it’s how multi-celluar simulations
act.
In termite nests
the system is very sparse.
Collapse occurs when the level of
information exceeds the limits of society's “percolation threshold”
Where the number of people involved
and distributing information is too expensive.
Discussion:
If we change the methodology should
we change the question?
Can we observe effects and trace
back to the rules?
- It is not as though we should aim
for control, more a directed evolution… stockbreeders, could only see the
characteristics and what they were doing, in a short term of time.
The initial selection isn’t running
or known.
-There is a balance between cluster
size and how to try and maintain randomness and predictions on randomization.
-Networks in space are in a planar
system and resemble connections closer to something random.
-Network presentation reflects what’s
going in your system.
Is there any network without a “rich
club”
-possibly twitter, considering its
measures of interaction. The heterogeneity of connections of the whole network.
If you look at how the nodes interact with each other.
-Infrastructures generally have
70 year lifespan and take 20 years to implement. Designs are made for a
particular moment in a time and once they are completed, people/ the situation
is changed.
-Rate
of change of people around nodes.
-The difficultly comes in designing
a physical network that is changeable and adjustable. In biological systems,
parts of they system are destroyed and don't allow for it to become fossilized.
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